ThetermchemometricswasintroducedbySvanteWoldandBruceR.Kowalskiintheearly1970s.Termslikebiometricsandeconometricswerealsointroducedintothefieldsofbiologicalscienceandeconomics.Afterward,theInternationalChemometricsSocietywasestablished.Sincethen,chemometri...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    Earlyadvancesinmedicinalchemistrywereconcernedprincipallywiththeestimation,isolation,structuraldetermination,andsynthesisofmedicinalagentsofnaturalorigin.Asecondmajorareawasthesynthesisofsimplifiedfragmentsofcomplexdrugmolecules.Inthisphaseofitsdevelopmen...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    “Themostfruitfulbasisforthediscoveryofanewdrugistostartwithanolddrug.”SirJamesBlack,Winnerofthe1988NobelPrizeinPhysiologyandMedicineIntroduction:StrategiesintheSearchforNewLeadCompoundsAretrospectiveanalysisofthewaysleadingtodiscoveryofnewdrugssuggeststha...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    α-Eucaineα-優(yōu)卡因α-ProdineAnadolα-安那度爾β-Eucaineβ-優(yōu)卡因β-ProdineAnadolβ-安那度爾β-AdrenergicAgonistsβ-受體激動(dòng)劑γ-Ketophenylbutazoneγ-酮保泰松11-Dehydrocorticosterone11-脫氫皮質(zhì)酮17α-Hydroxy-11-Deoxycorticosterone17α-羥基-11-脫氧皮質(zhì)酮5-Fluoronicot...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    Pharmacologyisconcernedwithallfacetsoftheinteractionofchemicalswithbiologicalsystems.Whensuchinteractionsareappliedtothecureorameliorationofdisease,thechemicalsareusuallycalleddrugs.Mostdrugsproduceeffectsbycombiningwithbiologicalreceptors.Thechemicalbond...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    Thelargeinter-patientvariabilityinresponsestodrugsresultsfromtwomainsources:1.Pharmacokineticsvariabilityinabsorption,distribution,metabolismorelimination2.Pharmacodynamicsvariabilityinsensitivityatorbeyondreceptors,duetoacquireddifferences(e.g.age,obesit...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    Theprimarytherapeuticobjectsshouldbetopreventandtocurediseases.Ifthesegoalsarenotachievable,thesecondarytherapeuticobjectsshouldbetomitigateandtomollifybydrugstheprogressive,devastating,ordisablingnatureofdiseases.Theamountofdrugordrugstobegivenandthedura...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    Anorallyadministereddrugwillgraduallybegintobecomeabsorbed.Astheamountofdruginthebodyincreaseby50percent,theamountofthedrugattheabsorptionsiteshoulddecreasebythesameamount.Theabsorbedwillgraduallybecomemetabolizedorexcretedmostlybythekidneys.Inadditiontot...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    Thereareseveralpossiblemechanismsbywhichtheoraladministrationofadrugmayresultinaninadequateplasmaconcentrationofthedrugoritsactivemetabolite(s).AdrugsuchaspenicillinGorerythromycinmaybedestroyedbyacidhydrolysis.Drugcompoundssuchastetracyclinesmayforminsol...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    Aabsorption吸收,吸收作用abstinencesyndrome戒斷癥狀acetaminophen醋氨酚action作用acutereaction急性反應(yīng)addiction成癮性adrenergicdrugs擬腎上腺素藥adrenoceptor腎上腺受體adrenoceptorblockingdrug腎上腺素受體阻斷藥adrenocorticalhormone腎上腺皮質(zhì)激素adrenocorti...[繼續(xù)閱讀]