Definition:The geologic age of a fossil,or a geologic event or structure expressed in units oftime,usually years,also known as actual age.絕對(duì)年齡jué duì nián líng化石、巖石等地質(zhì)體的地質(zhì)年齡,通常采用同位素測(cè)年方法獲得,故也稱為“同位素年齡”。本名詞與“...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    Definition:The development of many different forms from an originally homogeneous groupof organisms as they fill different ecological niches.適應(yīng)性輻射shì yìng xìng fú shè指單一世系成員的演化趨異和大規(guī)模多樣化,并因此而占據(jù)了一系列不同的生態(tài)位的現(xiàn)象。Ex...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    Definition:Allen’s rule is a biological rule posited by Joel Asaph Allen in 1877. It states thatendotherms from colder climates usually have shorter limbs (or appendages) than the equivalentanimals from warmer climates.艾倫法則ài lún fǎ zé由喬爾·阿薩夫·艾倫于1877年提出的一...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    Definition:異域成種yì yù chéng zhǒng發(fā)生在兩個(gè)異地居群中的成種過(guò)程,因地理隔離導(dǎo)致兩者間生殖隔離機(jī)制的形成。與“地理成種”同義,但有人認(rèn)為,“異域成種”可分為“邊域成種”和“隔離分化成種”,后者與“地理成種”同義。...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    Definition: Alpha taxonomy (or sometimes simply taxonomy)is the science of finding,describing and categorizing organisms,thus leading to the recognition of proposed taxonomicgroups,or taxa (sing.:taxon),which may then be named.α分類(lèi)學(xué)涉及種級(jí)分類(lèi)單元的識(shí)別、鑒定、記述和命名。...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    Definition: The alternation of the generations (or alternation of phases)describes the lifecycle of plants,fungi and protists.世代交替shì dài jiāo tì指植物、菌類(lèi)、原生生物的生命周期。Example:They show a heteromorphic alternation of generations,the gametophyte egging the domin...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    Definition:時(shí)錯(cuò)相shí cuò xiàng某些沉積相類(lèi)型,如疊層石和極薄的風(fēng)暴層等,一般僅限于寒武紀(jì)以前的正常淺海環(huán)境,但在大滅絕后的殘存期,它們往往在正常淺海環(huán)境短暫地“復(fù)辟”,被稱為“時(shí)代上錯(cuò)位的相”。anachronistic: erroneous in d...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    Definition: Anagenesis,also known as “phyletic change,”is the evolution of speciesinvolving an entire population rather than a branching event,as in cladogenesis.前進(jìn)演化qiánjìn yǎn huà指在單支種級(jí)譜系內(nèi)所發(fā)生的演化變化,無(wú)成種作用發(fā)生。...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    Definition: A novel evolutionary trait that is unique to a particular species and all itsdescendants,which can be used as a defining character for a species or group in phylogeneticterms.衍征yǎn zhēng同源特征中出現(xiàn)的相對(duì)較晚者,由祖征派生而來(lái)。也譯作“近裔性狀”,參見(jiàn)“...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    Definition: An original model on which something is patterned.原型yuán xíng指原始的類(lèi)型或形體構(gòu)型,其他類(lèi)型或形體構(gòu)型由其演化而來(lái)。Example:Much like the “Earth Mother” archetype,those of the “Earth and Lava” archetype are veryearthy.就像“地球母親”原型一...[繼續(xù)閱讀]