具身領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力:身體如何影響領(lǐng)導(dǎo)

摘要： 盡管越來(lái)越多的西方領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力研究開(kāi)始重新思考領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力與身體的關(guān)系問(wèn)題,但并未明確具身性因素對(duì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力有何影響又如何影響的問(wèn)題。這是理解、應(yīng)用具身領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題。從具身認(rèn)知理論出發(fā),在本體論、認(rèn)識(shí)論、方法論層面挑戰(zhàn)主流領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力理論的理論根基,領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力可以被解釋為一種領(lǐng)導(dǎo)與追隨者之間具身性的交互實(shí)踐過(guò)程。可以從幾個(gè)方面理解,首先,身體在最基本的感知覺(jué)層面直接影響著領(lǐng)導(dǎo)與被領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的感知覺(jué)經(jīng)驗(yàn),而這是形成領(lǐng)導(dǎo)關(guān)系、建構(gòu)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的關(guān)鍵前提,影響著領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者或追隨者對(duì)于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)過(guò)程的融入意愿、程度等。另一方面,伴隨著感覺(jué)和知覺(jué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)層面的影響,會(huì)形成相應(yīng)的具身性領(lǐng)導(dǎo)知識(shí),利于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者認(rèn)識(shí)、把握領(lǐng)導(dǎo)過(guò)程中不可見(jiàn)、不可觸摸的一面。其次,身體的在場(chǎng)體驗(yàn)影響領(lǐng)導(dǎo)實(shí)踐中的自我意識(shí)、人際交往與溝通、問(wèn)題解決、身份認(rèn)同、意義建構(gòu)等關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題。具身性因素對(duì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的影響可通過(guò)三種方式實(shí)現(xiàn):生理—物理的方式,情境與情境行動(dòng)的方式,隱喻。在更深層次上,這些影響方式有著特定的心理機(jī)制基礎(chǔ)。具身性是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的一種基本特性,力圖從身體出發(fā)更完整地去把握領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力及其本質(zhì)。
Although more and more western researches on leadership begin to rethink the relation between body and leadership,it is still uncertain what influence body can have on leadership and how body influences leadership,which is the key to understand and use the embodied leadership.From the perspective of Embodied Cognition theory,challenging the theoretical foundation of the mainstream leadership theories at the levels of ontology,epistemology and methodology,this thesis considers leadership as an embodied interaction process between the leader and the followers.First,body,at the most basic level of sensory perception,immediately influences the sensory perception experience of the leader as well as the followers,which is the key premise to construct leadership,and also influences the leaders and the followersintention and degree of integration into the leading process.Second,with the influence of the experience of sense and perception,the knowledge of embodied leadership would be acquired,which would help to the leader understand and grasp the invisible and intangible aspects of leadership.Third,the presence experience of body influences the leaders self-consciousness,interpersonal communication,problem solving,identity recognition,meaning construction,etc.The influence of embodied factors on the leader is realized through three ways:biological-physical way,situation and situational act,metaphor.On a deeper level,the ways of those effects are based on a particular psychological mechanism.In general,embodiment is one of the fundamental natures of leadership,which starts from body,aims to completely grasp the leadership and its nature.