學(xué)前兒童動(dòng)作技能與身體素質(zhì)水平的典型相關(guān)分析

摘要： 目的:3～6歲是學(xué)前兒童動(dòng)作技能發(fā)展和身體素質(zhì)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期,探討幼兒動(dòng)作技能與身體素質(zhì)的關(guān)系,為提高我國(guó)幼兒的體質(zhì)和動(dòng)作水平提供參考。對(duì)象與方法:646名3～6歲幼兒,其中,男童326名,女童320名。使用TGMD-3評(píng)價(jià)幼兒13項(xiàng)動(dòng)作技能,使用國(guó)民體質(zhì)監(jiān)測(cè)測(cè)量方法評(píng)價(jià)幼兒6項(xiàng)身體素質(zhì),使用典型相關(guān)分析動(dòng)作技能與身體素質(zhì)的關(guān)系。結(jié)果:身體素質(zhì)評(píng)分和動(dòng)作技能評(píng)分兩類指標(biāo)存在中等程度的正相關(guān)(第1典型相關(guān)系數(shù):男0.585,女0.582),動(dòng)作技能的整體水平可以解釋身體素質(zhì)整體水平約12%的變異,動(dòng)作技能的整體水平對(duì)身體素質(zhì)各單項(xiàng)的解釋能力不同,其中,對(duì)平衡木項(xiàng)目的解釋能力最好(決定系數(shù)約為0.25),對(duì)體前屈項(xiàng)目的解釋能力最差(決定系數(shù)小于0.1),對(duì)折返跑、立定跳遠(yuǎn)、網(wǎng)球擲遠(yuǎn)和雙腳跳項(xiàng)目的解釋能力在10%～20%。與幼兒6項(xiàng)身體素質(zhì)水平密切相關(guān)的動(dòng)作技能主要包括跑步、單腳跳、滑步、拍球和擊球動(dòng)作(相關(guān)系數(shù)大于0.4)。結(jié)論:3～6歲幼兒階段動(dòng)作技能與身體素質(zhì)有一定的關(guān)聯(lián),動(dòng)作技能的早期獲得有助于促進(jìn)體質(zhì)提高。
Objective: The age of 3～6 years is the key period for the development of motor skills and physical fitness of children. The relationship between motor skills and physical fitness among 3～6 year old boys and girls were analyzed to promote the physical fitness at the early stage. Methods: 646 children aged 3～6 including 326 males and 320 females were selected. 13 motor skills of children were evaluated by TGMD-3, and six physical fitness were evaluated by national physical fitness monitoring measurement. The relationship between motor skills and physical fitness was analyzed with Canonical correlation statistical methods. Results: There was a moderate positive correlation between physical fitness score and motor skill score(the first canonical correlation coefficient, 0.585 for males and 0.582 for females) and motor skill information could explain 12% of the variation of physical fitness. Motor skills had different explanatory abilities to each items of physical fitness. Specifically, the explanatory power for balance fitness was the best(the coefficient was about 0.25), for sit-reach was the worst(the coefficient was less than 0.1), and for shuttle running, standing long jump, tennis throw and double-foot jump were between 10% and 20%. The main motor skills being related to children's six physical fitness levels included running, one-foot jumping, sliding, dribbling and batting(correlation coefficient greater than 0.4). Conclusion: There is a relationship between motor skills and physical fitness in3～6 years old children. Early acquisition of motor skills is helpful to improve physical fitness.