建國70年城市學前教育供給制度變遷的演進邏輯與未來路徑

摘要： 建國70年以來我國城市學前教育供給制度變遷歷程是一個典型的由增量變遷帶動存量變遷的漸進式制度變遷過程,城市學前教育供給性質(zhì)逐漸從"單位供給的福利"趨近"市場供給的商品",目前正在轉(zhuǎn)向"多元供給的公共服務"?；谛轮贫冉?jīng)濟學分析制度變遷的演進邏輯,發(fā)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟體制變遷僅是其外部誘因,市場、單位、政府等不同主體的利益尋求是其內(nèi)在動力,政府是決定制度變遷方向的重要主體,過度依賴市場是其明顯的路徑依賴。因此,要保障制度變遷朝著公益普惠方向,未來需要政府承擔利益協(xié)調(diào)者角色,提升制度需求者參與程度,加強政府對市場的引導與監(jiān)管。
Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the supply institutional change in Chinese urban preschool education has been a typical gradual change process, during which the stock change is driven by incremental change. The nature of the Urban Preschool Education is from "Danwei-supply welfare" to "market-supply commodity" and "muti-supply public service". Based On an analysis of New Institutional Economic, it finds that the external incentive of institutional change is Economic System Change, the revenue maximization of government, Danwei and market is the fundamental force, and the government is the most important part which determine the direction of institutional change, and the government's excessively dependence on the market supply is the path dependence of institutional change. It suggests the government should take responsibility of interest coordination, and the participation degree of parents and teachers should be promoted to ensure their profits. Meanwhile the governmental supervision and guide is indispensable on the base of muti-supply.